Purpose: To examine the structure and contents of a number of HOLY SHRINES custodianship decrees with controversial source of issuance. Methodology and Research Design: Documentary method was employed for analysis. Findings and Conclusion: Due to the monarchy's inferior status within the Shiite jurisprudence, Qajar monarchies were able to enforce they judiciary power with the permission of Ulama. However, as such decrees were sealed by the monarchy, they are considered royal decrees.

Statement of Problem: According to existing statistics, there are more than four thousanddescendants of Shia Imams in Iran as the major hub of Shiism. During Islamic era in Iran, anumber of magnificent mausoleums were constructed for these respected descendants of ShiaImams which have given rise to a special style within Iranian architecture after the mosques. It isnoteworthy that in many of the mausoleums of descendants of Shia Imams their basic influenceon the process of formation, identity and expansion of many of Iranian cities in the Islamic era. Therefore, according to the fundamental and ideological importance of the HOLY SHRINES in Iran, it is important to perform explorations and researches in various aspects regarding the origin andthe genesis and the formation foundations and development of them so that the architects canbe provided with a better recognition thereby to copy their models and patterns. Of course, it isworth mentioning that, besides the Shiite HOLY SHRINES, there are many other mausoleums in Iran’ sSunni-dwelling regions constructed with the same patterns that belong to the assistors of theprophet (may Allah bestow him and his sacred progeny with the best of His regards), Rashedincaliphs and Sunni Scholars. Study Objectives: the present study aims at investigating the importance and the position ofarchitectural basics of the honorable HOLY SHRINES in Shiite denomination that can open a novelorifice to discussions on Iranian-Islamic architecture and, in fact, the main objective of thestudy is acquiring the architectural principles and basics of the HOLY SHRINES and figuring out andrecognizing the quality of their commonalities in conceptual and objective forms and, eventually, using these principles as theoretical foundations in the contemporary memorial HOLY shrinearchitecture. Study Method: the present study has been carried out based on an analytical-descriptive methodand utilizes qualitative research style to analyze the content and finally infer and express thegeneral principles. The information has been collected through library research and referring toauthentic historical documents as well as via field studies. To do so, the historical backgroundand the theoretical basics of the topic have been seminally investigated. In a second stage, fiveexamples of the prominent architectural styles belonging to various eras have been selected andthe geometry and the constituent elements, spatial position, naturalism and decorations thereinhave been evaluated and analyzed. Study Results: in the end, the study findings revealed many considerable points regarding theprinciples and basics of the HOLY SHRINES’ architecture and they are all indicative of the idea thatdespite their being built in various eras and making use of different forms and inscriptions andeven varying functional roles, these HOLY SHRINES feature common and identical principles suchas naturalism, symbolism, introversion, similar vernacular masonry, geometry, regular polygons, use of sacred religious symbols and elements like four-dome roofs as well as the collective spacefunctioning.

Architecture of Guilan province enjoys especial physical specifications arising from temperate and humid climate conditions. Saturated moisture in the air and high level of underground waters with an impact on buildings frames have made the architecture be influenced by these conditions. Architecture of Guilan province -which due to climatic reasons insists on construction of veranda, high foundation, gable roof, by considering this fact that shrine architecture doesn’t have the residential behavior specifications- considers the shape of the building body as a function of its performance in agreement with climate. Using a descriptive-analytical method, while describing the climatic elements of Guilan architecture and enumerating a part of Lahijan history, which has been effective on multiplicity of SHRINES in the area, this article discusses the architecture of HOLY SHRINES and their forming elements. Selecting some outstanding and less-changed SHRINES in Lahijan architecture, the author tries to gain similar models in the architecture of the HOLY SHRINES in this area of Iran. From the findings of this research, it is possible to refer to a similar pattern in the shape of the tomb, ratio of open and closed spaces, walls, ceilings, decorations and number of verandas in lahijan pilgrimage units.

The Islamic world has always suffered from the fire of division. One of the solutions to overcoming the divergent forces is the idea of convergence of the HOLY SHRINES to use the great capacities of the pilgrimage organizations. The convergence of the HOLY SHRINES pursues the ideal of unity through the idea of the unity of the Muslim world. Convergence is one of the concepts that has attracted a lot of attention, especially in international relations, but this paper takes a cultural-civilizational view of this concept and considers it a kind of conformity in values, policies and actions. The purpose of this study is to examine the convergence dimensions of the HOLY SHRINES as Shiite pilgrimage organizations, which are responsible for pilgrimage. The method of data collection is documentary study and interview, and the analysis of the data was done with the content analysis method. Based on the findings, according to thematic analysis of collected data, the six major themes and organizer of the "advantages", "foundations", "backgrounds", "barrier", "consequences" and "strategy" for the central theme of "the convergence of the HOLY SHRINES" was identified. Given the ultimate goal of integration organizations of the HOLY SHRINES, understanding the organizational convergence of HOLY SHRINES as the first step of a more general process whose next step is the integration between cultures and civilizations, understanding the true relationship between pilgrimage and tourism, set aside organizational desires, and given the complementary role of the HOLY shrine in the convergence process, considering the historical geography of the sacred sites, not considering the organizations as central axis to the integration process, convergence and contextual diplomacy and paving the way to bring the Sunnis together, and finally the strategic understanding of the HOLY SHRINES organizations of their role in the convergence process, are the most important strategies for the convergence of the HOLY SHRINES as Shiite organizations, which are responsible for the pilgrimage.

The current research, with a qualitative approach, seeks to identify cultural strategies to transform the HOLY SHRINES into a cultural quarter.To collect information from the documentary method and after studying the theoretical topics and previous researches in the field of research, to study the upstream documents such as the country's 20-year vision document, the vision document of the Awqaf organization and charitable affairs in the horizon of 1404 AH, the strategic document of HOLY SHRINES, general policies Resistance economy, the general policies of the system, the constitution and endowment law were discussed and after interviewing 25 professors, experts and managers of HOLY SHRINES using Maxqda software and through the method of theme analysis and theme network drawing, the number of 136 basic themes and 23 organizing themes were extracted, which were presented in 8 categories of pilgrim-oriented, communication, hosting, environmental, literary, event, media and artistic strategies.

The main goal of this research is to identify cultural factors affecting efficientmanagement of the HOLY SHRINES in Esfahan. To this end, values, norms, traditions,art and cultural heritage, beliefs and religion factors were studied. In this research,descriptive survey research was used in different dimensions such as values, norms, art,cultural heritage, beliefs and religion. The statistical society was included 150 Owqaf(charity institution) managers and trustees of HOLY SHRINES in Esfahan. A researchermadequestionnaire was used to collect data. Also to ensure the content validity, surveyinstrument was designed by teachers and cultural specialists’ cooperation. The reliabilitywas calculated using Cronbach’s alpha and reliability coefficient was estimated 0.85.The SPSS statistical software was used for analysis of data in descriptive and inferentiallevels. In descriptive statistic, the average percent and standard deviation were used andin inferential statistic, independent t- test, Friedman test and variation analysis. Accordingto the results, the values and the religion average (20.49 and 19.53, respectively) hadthe highest effect and norms and traditions average (13.18 and 12.49, respectively) hadthe lowest effect. Also, the average of beliefs and cultural heritage (16.89 and 17.93,respectively) had a moderate effect. Regarding demographic factors, the results show thatthere is no meaningful relationship between culture and age, but there was a meaningfuldifference between education and gender.

Architecture and literature, along with other arts such as painting and music, are among Islamic arts that have plenty of common points for their visual and verbal aspects and conceptual applications, such that there is no doubt that their origins and existence are by a unique creator. Literature is the inseparable tool of architects and architects are intuition-oriented. Poetries have great similarities in the concepts, such as space, form and, style, and in aesthetic domains, such as metaphors, contradictions, balances, symbols, secrets and colors, which are not only revealed in word, but also obvious in the concepts and contents. This indicates the relation and effect of traditional poetry in today’, s architecture. One of the clear examples in the effects of poetry on architecture is the indication of mythical and theosophical concepts, including the thoughts and ideas of Khayyam, Rumi and Sanaei on the gravestones and domes of religious monuments. Safavid and Qajarid architects found the music, harmony and concepts of the poetries by the mentioned poets, transforming them into volumetric shapes. The obtained architectural works indicate prominence derived from the relation and combination of literature and architecture. Keywords: Relation, putting, mystical literature, architecture, crystallizatio. Research Objectives 1. A study of the style of combining literature in the manifestation of artistic masterpieces 2. A study of architectural style in the manifestation of artistic masterpieces Research Questions 1. What is the style of combining literature in the manifestation of artistic masterpieces? 2. What is the style of architecture in the manifestation of artistic masterpieces?

Islamic spirituality is one of the mental states of human beings which has a high status in its perfection from the perspective of Shiite thought where Pilgrimage is one of the Islamic customs and ethics. The pattern of pilgrimage tourism in religious, devotional and prayer spaces can create a spirituality focused on the pillars of Islam. In line with the principle of bowing and celebrating the rituals of God, especially the SHRINES of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS), the HOLY SHRINES are among the centers of interest in Iranian cities that can be developed with a pilgrimage approach. The purpose of this article is to recognize the place of HOLY SHRINES in the spirituality of pilgrimage cities, which has been done by analytical research method and interdisciplinary research and logical reasoning and by using documentary and library study methods. The Findings of the research emphasize four strategies: A) Pilgrimage Arsen pattern; in pilgrimage cities that have HOLY SHRINES, with the development of complementary layers of pilgrimage and the needs of the surrounding areas, a city with a center of HOLY SHRINES is created. This type of pilgrimage arsenic is present in some cities and regions of Iran such as Qom, Mashhad, Rey and Shiraz. In order to solve problems and meet existing social, functional, spatial and physical needs and urban landscape in the arsenal of pilgrimage arsenic and surrounding texture in this case, it is necessary that the collection of tombs, uses and surrounding spaces in the light of pilgrimage, be mixed with spirituality and its events, and Arsen create a lasting pilgrimage in the mind of the pilgrim and the community. The characteristics of the proposed pilgrimage arsenic are: the center of a religious and devotional space and building (worship, prayer and culture (mosque, Hosseinieh, Mahdieh, Mosalla, Zeinabieh, etc. ); Planning the complementary and required uses of ArsenShahri (cultural, medical, educational, service and commercial) with the model of urban Arsen such as Dar al-Shifa, Dar al-Quran, school. B) Attention to the context around the HOLY SHRINES; Planning of mixed orders compatible with urban Arsan complex in the routes leading to the religious and cultural center. As it gets closer to the center, the cultural and religious atmosphere including. Harmony, diversity and cohesion, unity and spatial and physical integrity in the urban Arsan complex and the balance of mass and space in the complex; Respect for the visual and elevation of the central element and the dominance of the religious building over other spaces and buildings increases and vice versa. Of course, it is necessary to mention that the type of plans of each tomb is different from other tombs depending on the local conditions and may not require intervention in one case and vice versa. In addition, the context of the HOLY SHRINES requires attention to their civil rights and property rights, as well as their comfort and tranquility, which is necessary to pay attention and respect in spatial and physical programs and interventions. C) Protection of the landscapes of the pilgrimage arsenic; The HOLY SHRINES with beautiful skyline and elements of Iranian-Islamic architecture, especially domes and minarets, entrances and porches, as well as the arts of bedding, brickwork and tiling show beautiful landscapes in pilgrimage cities. In most of the pilgrimage cities of Iran, with their chaotic constructions and incompatible architectural style, these landscapes have often violated the height of the SHRINES and blocked the view of the tomb or have weakened the spirituality of landscapes. D) Development of social and cultural activities; Sacred SHRINES can be tailored to the needs of different social groups, especially enthusiasts, pilgrims, families, children, women, adolescents, youth and the elderly. This dimension of educational, leisure, recreation and sports needs can be done by attracting donations and the help of specialized enthusiasts. It should be noted that the spaces required for these needs may be provided in the pilgrimage Arsen complex and often in other parts of the city directly from the shrine.

Pilgrims' perceptions and how they affect spiritual, mental states and images are important for their mental preparation. The aim of this present study is to measure and analyse the effect of perceptual indicators of pilgrims to HOLY SHRINES in their procession towards Her Holiness Masoumeh’s shrine. This study was conducted through a mixed (quantitative-qualitative) approach and a descriptive-analytical research method. For data collection, library and field methods have been used and the sample group of the study, 172 people, was randomly selected from the pilgrims and locals. The data was analysed using the SPSS23 and Amos Graphic26 in the form of two types of descriptive-inferential analysis and structural equation modelling. The factor model compiled with cropper fit shows a significant relationship between the indicators and perceptual measures in the pilgrimage. Furthermore, among six identified indicators and seventeen related measures, the sense of politeness and humility, spirituality, expectation, ingravibility, legibility and belonging, respectively have more weight in the perception of pilgrims. This sheds light on the fact that the surrounding fabric of Her Holiness Masoumeh’s shrine requires more attention by authorities, in order to improve the quality of the perceptual scape, in accordance with normative values hierarchies.

Travelogues are one of the important scientific resources to recognize cities and countries. They are one of the best sources of political information, as the travel writer writes it for the purpose of reporting his journey. The travelogues of the HOLY SHRINES provide useful information to the readers due to the religious motives that most Muslims in the world encourage them to do. The subject of the present article is the political analysis of several travelogues of HOLY SHRINES in the Islamic Revolution era,since after the change of the Pahlavi regime to the Islamic government in Iran, the attention to the writing of this group of travelogues has become more prominent which is remarkable in its kind. The importance of this research is that writers are not political people and they express everything they see in the world around them. These travelogues are a cognitive guide to the literature of the Islamic Revolution. The method is descriptive –,analytical and in a librarian way.